Plagiarism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Plagiarism - Essay Example Plagiarism is a serious offence as it involves intellectual theft which is an offence against the original author. Plagiarism will entail not giving sufficient credit for another author’s ideas or words, claiming to be the author of some work without doing the work and claiming another author’s artistic or scholarly work as your own (Thompson, 2008). Plagiarism is wrong as it involves stealing another authors ideas which is morally not any better than stealing a car, or something else. It is also wrong because it represents information illiteracy as it shows that someone is not capable of researching and presenting one’s own ideas and thoughts, and this means that someone is not capable of handling their own information, which amounts to effective illiteracy. The Internet has made cheating or plagiarism easier than ever before as there are thousands of relevant sources in the Internet and students can simply copy and paste information and use it on their term pap ers or essays. Students may engage in plagiarism for various reasons and it can be intentional or unintentional. At times, students are overwhelmed by workload, and they may have deadlines being the first reason for the lack of understanding of the procedures for citing materials from other sources. Not understanding how to cite will make the student make mistakes while citing sources, and this amounts to unintentional plagiarism. Some students may have bad time management skills, which will result in plagiarizing their assignments or term papers because they do not have enough time to search for information and present it as their own through proper paraphrasing and citation. Deadlines and multiple assignments at the same time make other students plagiarize as they will have not enough time to research and present plagiarism free papers.in the event of trying to hand in assignments on time, students will search the Internet and copy paste information so as to beat the deadlines.

Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 7

Religion - Essay Example Past societal experiences are believed to have a great impact on various religions. The readings also share a common idea that their pioneers and the societal culture have influenced different religions’. The readings explain that there are some things that are shared amongst different religions such as negative things that should be avoided by the followers. The readings also show that every religion has their devotees who strongly believe in the doctrine and overall teachings of that religion. However, there are common ideas shared amongst religions including the concern about life and death and the reverencing of God. The readings further admit that issues to do with religions are very tough to handle and may be a bit confusing. Religion plays a significant role when it comes to peaceful coexistence because most of the conflicts and world struggle originate from 9/11. Christianity tends to remain as the dominant religion in both readings. The readings tend to look at the aspect of religion in different styles by giving it a unique approach. They offer an understanding of the religion in various perspectives by relying on different sources and prior knowledge. The readings also reveal various things that guide different religious beliefs. The second Vatican Council defines religion as a group of people gathered for a common goal of getting answers to the unresolved human riddles and shares a common destiny, God. The council believes that acquiring answers to the unresolved life puzzles such as what happens when one is dead can only be answered by religion. Religions are the path through which the world attempts to overcome the restlessness of peoples’ hearts by outlining a program of life covering doctrine and sacred rites with high regard for the manner of life and conduct. Prothero highlights eight rival religions that rule the world and believes that religion

Health Related Quality of Life Relationship with Family

Health Related Quality of Life Relationship with Family Association of Health – Related Quality of Life to Family Dynamics and Social Support among Pediatric Patients with Leukemia in Tertiary Hospitals in Northern Philippines Jonas P. Cruz Abstract Background of the Study: Leukemia is the most prevalent cancer affecting children around the world but majority of the cases are idiopathic in nature. Generally, patients with Leukemia experience poorer health related quality of life compared to the general population. Though a wide interest in studying the health related quality of life of these types of patients where on the lime light in the recent years, none of these works focused on examining the relationship of the HRQoL to the family dynamics and social support of the patients. This study aims to examine the association of Health – Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) to the family dynamics and social support among pediatric patients diagnosed with Leukemia. Design: This research is a cross – sectional, correlation study. Method: A questionnaire with four parts will be used to gather data on demographic data of the patients and their family, their family dynamics, social support and health related quality of life. Data will be collected from pediatric patients aged 5 to 18 years with Leukemia, their parents and siblings. Data will be treated using the IBM SPSS Statistics. Both descriptive and inferential statistics will be used. Background of the Study Leukemia is the most prevalent cancer affecting children around the world but majority of the cases are idiopathic in nature.1 In the United States, Leukemia is one of the most diagnosed cancer and one of the leading causes of deaths among children in 2011 with the highest incidence rate (8.8 per 100,000) in children aged 1 to 4 years and highest death rate (0.8 per 100,000) among children aged 15 to 19 years.2 Similarly, children with Leukemia is considerably the fastest – growing types of patients in hospitals in the Philippines. It account for about 40 to 60 percent of cancers in children and topped the list of killer diseases more than the combined number of deaths caused by dengue hemorrhagic, blood infection and prematurity.3 In the recent report from the Department of Health of the Philippines, Leukemia is among the ten leading causes of child mortality with 2.7, 2.4 and 1.8 per 100,000 population for children aged 1 to 4 years old, 5 to 9 years old and 10 to 14 years o ld, respectively. This is an alarming shift since in the past years; Leukemia was not part of the list.4 In a recent study, childhood leukemia relative survival in the Philippines was found to be lower (32.9 %) compared to Asian Americans (80.1 %) and Caucasians (81.9 %). Furthermore, attainment of equal survival rates of children in the Philippines lagged behind by 20 to >30 years compared with children with Leukemia in the United States.5 This existing difference can be attributed with deficiency in pediatric cancer care, inaccessibility or unavailability of the needed diagnostic and treatment modalities, financial constraints and unawareness.5-9 In a worldwide perspective, therapy has noticeably enhanced over the past decades and the overall rate of survival among children with Leukemia has also increased.10-12 While the prognosis of leukemia in children has improved dramatically, so as the rise of clinical interest in understanding the health related quality of life among childhood Leukemia patients.13 Various studies were conducted to determine the health related quality of life of these patients and their differences between those patients undergoing maintenance chemotherapy with those not on treatment, identify the factors that affects their HRQoL,14-16 HRQoL of childhood leukemia survivors,17-19 difference between patient, parent proxy reported and clinician reported HRQoL,20,21 and HRQoL of parents taking care of these patients22. A study has reported that the social, physical and emotional health and well-being of childhood Leukemia patients are significantly lower compared to their community peers.21 Furthermore, the se patients experienced declining deficits in HRQoL during active treatment phases which is the same as losing approximately 2 months perfect health life.23 Treatment like maintenance chemotherapy had shown effect on the quality of life of children with Leukemia. Patients receiving this kind of therapy reported lower HRQoL in all domains than those who are not on treatment. Psychosocial health was reported to be most affected. Likewise, parents taking care of children undergoing maintenance chemotherapy reported significantly lower quality of life as compared to parents of patients who are not undergoing the same therapy.14 Similarly, survivors of Leukemia have shown poor HRQoL17 however, relapsed survivors reported lower general health compared to non-relapsed survivors24. Factors affecting the quality of life were also identified and reported by some research studies. These factors that can affect the HRQoL of pediatric patients with Leukemia includes the type of cancer treatment they are undergoing such as chemotherapy and the use of Dexamethasone which was reported to cause lower HRQoL.14,25-27 Impaired overall sleep were also reported to be associated with lower HRQoL among these patients. More problems were found as associated with sleep anxiety, delay on sleep onset, feeling of sleepiness during day time and night wakenings.27-29 Childrens pain and fatigue over three days following a chemotherapy also influence the quality of life not only of the patients but also their family.30 Cancer itself is an important factor affecting the HRQoL and the stage of disease showed a considerable importance on HRQoL scores.31 Moreover, clinically significance associations to HRQoL were observed with anxiety, depression and obesity.32 Another study also reported duration of hospital admission, increased frequency of hospital visits, female patients, younger age of diagnosing the disease, and the size of the family were all associated to a lower over HRQoL scores of these patients.33 Though a wide interest in studying the health related quality of life of these types of patients where on the lime light in the recent years, none of these works focused on examining the relationship of the HRQoL to the family dynamics and social support of the patients. Some of the past research studies have focused on the impact of taking care of a child with Leukemia to the quality of life of the caregiver and their family as well as the burden of care for these patients.34-38 However, family dynamics and social support and its association to HRQoL was never attempted. Family dynamics are the interaction between members of the family as well as the different relationships that is present within a family. Every family has its own unique dynamic, which is apparent in its own unique way.39 The whole family dynamics can be understand by measuring the family functioning, family environment and family quality of life.40 Family dynamics maybe affected by the existence of the disease of the children and may be altered. How family members see the family when attending to commitment such as taking care of the patient refers to family functioning. This permits identifying individual perceptions of family values as a psychosocial or social support resource. The way each family member perceives the efficacy and quality of this resource can significantly influence the health status of its member.41 Although positive relationship among family members and social support can decrease risks of mortality and enhance total health, studies have reported that some famil ial relations negatively affect health. Negative effect on health can be caused by problematic and non-supportive familial relationships. Poor-quality relationships can harm physical and mental health.42 Further, couples with unequal division of decision making and power are related with higher levels of depression.43 Living and being reared in an unsupported, neglectful or violent environment is also related with poor physical health and development.42 On the other hand, good family relationships are significant predictor for a better HRQoL as shown in a study on pediatric burn survivors.44 Likewise, fewer arguments within the family were associated to higher quality of life among diabetes patients.45,46 Studies have also reported relationship between social support and HRQoL. Higher levels of social support were shown to be associated to lower risk for physical dysfunctions, mental problems, and mortality.47 Social support can reverse the unwanted effects of stressful situations and chronic health conditions.48 Various studies have established the fact that social support can affect the HRQoL patients with acute or chronic conditions in general.47-51 However, studies on its association to HRQoL among children and adolescent patients with Leukemia are scanty to non-existing. Therefore, family dynamics and social support are hypothesized in this current study to be a predictor of HRQoL of pediatric patients with Leukemia. It is then the aim of this study to understand the pediatric Leukemia patients’ family dynamics and social support and their health related quality of life and examine their relationship with each other. Objectives of the Study This study aims to examine the association of Health – Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) to the family dynamics and social support among pediatric patients diagnosed with Leukemia. Specifically, it seeks to: Assess the family dynamics of the pediatric patients with Leukemia using the Family APGAR; Identify the perceived social support of the pediatric patients with leukemia in terms of: Family support, Friend support Significant other support; Determine the self – reported and parent – proxy reported Health – Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) among pediatric patients with Leukemia in terms of: Physical Functioning, Emotional Functioning, Social Functioning, School Functioning; Examine the difference between the self – reported and parent – proxy reported HRQoL among pediatric patients with Leukemia; Examine the relationship between the family dynamics and social support to the HRQoL among pediatric patients with Leukemia. Design This research is a cross – sectional, correlation study. Participants This current study will include three groups of respondents: the children and adolescent patients diagnosed with Leukemia of any type admitted in the tertiary hospitals in the City of San Fernando in La Union, Philippines, their parents and their siblings. There are three tertiary hospitals in the area namely Lorma Medical Center, Bethany Hospital Inc., and Ilocos Training and Regional Medical Center. Patients aged 5 to 18 years old, male and female, undergoing maintenance phase of treatment, conscious, and responsive will be considered as participants of the study. Parent that provides care to the patient will be asked to report for the parent – proxy reported HRQoL of the patient while both parents will be asked to respond for the family dynamics. Siblings of the patient will be included as respondents for the family dynamics. Purposive sampling technique will be utilized in the study. Patients who will meet the inclusion criteria will be eligible for the study. Data Collection Data will be collected using a questionnaire. The questionnaire is a collection of adopted scales from earlier studies which will measure the family dynamics, social support and health related quality of life of the Leukemia patients. The questionnaire will have four parts. Part one will elicit data on the demographics of the patient and family. The profile of the patient will include the gender of the patient, age, diagnosis, date of diagnosis, type of treatment, length of stay in the hospital. On the other hand, the profile of the family will include the number of family members, position of the patient in the family, religion, family income, occupation of each family member, type of residence (rural, urban or sub-urban) and type of housing. The profile of the patients will be answered either by the patient or the parent while the profile of the family will be answered by the parents. Part two will gather data on the family dynamics. Family dynamics will be measured using the Family APGAR. Family APGAR stands for Adaptability, Partnership, Growth, Affection and Resolve. It is a measure that will assess the perception of the family members to family functioning through examining their satisfaction with the existing relationship. It is a 5 – items scale which was designed to be responded using a 3 – point scale from 0 as hardly ever to 2 as almost always. The highest score for this measure is 10 and higher scores signify more satisfaction with family functioning. Score lower than 6 will be considered as dysfunction in the family while scores of 6 and above will be considered as normal family function. Previous studies have established a good validity and reliability of the measure with Cronbachs alpha ranging from 0.80 to 0.85.52-54 The parents, patient and the patients siblings will be asked to answer the scale to have a better picture of the family d ynamics. Part three will collect data about the perceived social support of the patients. The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) will be adopted. This is a tool designed to measure the three sources of support namely family, friend and significant other. It is composed of 12 items that can be answered using a 7 – point scale from Very Strongly Disagree to Very Strongly Agree. There will be four scores that will be derived from the scale: Family Subscale Score, Friend Subscale Score, Significant Other Subscale Score, and Total Scale Score. Scores will be obtained by summing the individual scores in each scale then divide it with the number of items. Good internal reliability across subject groups and strong factorial validity were reported for the MSPSS by earlier studies.55-57 This will be answered by the patient. Part four will be the PedsQLTM Measurement Model. It consists of 23-item designed to measure the core dimensions of health as delineated by the WHO and the role (school) functioning. It has a 5 – point scale from never to almost always. It has four dimensions which are physical, emotional, social and school functioning. Scores for each scale as well as the total scale score will be obtained. Internal consistency reliability and validity of the scale was reported to be acceptable.58-60 The patient – reported and parent – proxy reported will be considered for the study. The questionnaire will be distributed to the respondents and they will be asked to answer honestly. Enough time will be provided for the respondents. The questionnaire will be available both in English and Filipino versions. It will be translated using the forward backward method. The translated version will be subjected to reliability and validity test to ensure the accuracy of data to be collected. Ethical Consideration Ethical clearance will be sought from each ethical committee of the three hospitals. An informed consent will be asked to be signed by the parents of each patient who will signify the permission to be included in the study. The researcher will explain properly the purpose, nature, significance of the study and the expected participation of the respondents to the study. Confidentiality will be assured to each respondent. Data Analysis Data will be treated using the IBM SPSS Statistics. Both descriptive and inferential statistics will be used. Frequency count will be used for the profile of the respondents. Mean will be used to analyze the family dynamics, social support and health related quality of life. Pearson r correlation will be utilized to examine the relationship between family dynamics and social support to health related quality of life.

The Downside of Social Media and Technology Essay -- social issues, c

As children of the 90’s, and previously, we spent childhood days outside discovering things in the woods and exploring everything we could. With minds full of ideas and with our imaginations running wild, we were engineers of possibilities. Days were passed playing make-believe and running amuck with friends. Time passed slowly and enjoyment came from the friends we shared our imaginings with. This pure creation has taken a nose dive over the past generations. Imagination is slowly being snuffed out by technology. With the advancements in modern technology, such as social media, people have become more self-absorbed and the pace of life has increased. Not only does this technology spike affect the adult and teen world, but it can cause huge problems in the development of children. The digital world is one of creation and ingenuity; however, this is only partially true because it is actually an escape from reality. With technology, kids no longer have to come up wit h ideas all on their own. Why should they spend their energy being creative when they can find an idea online in about two minutes? Social media is a growing fad in the world. Teenagers are constantly checking for status updates and are posting new things online. Instead of actually enjoying moments with each other our generation has become obsessed with documenting. Pictures and statuses are posted immediately after something occurs. Picture this†¦ A basketball game is tied up at the last minute. One team has the ball and they work their way down the court. The player takes a shot, but misses! There’s only five seconds left and the other team catches the rebound, passes it up the court to a teammate who makes a half court shot just as the buzzer sounds. T... ...olving, it is being over used and is slowly taking control of our lives. Technology may seem to be all glitter and gold, but watch out for the malevolent addiction of it that can pull you in. All good things come in moderation. Return to the days before technology’s domain and go explore and imagine. Escape the digital box. Go dance in the rain, listen to live music, find shapes in the clouds, and don’t forget to enjoy life’s littlest wonders. Works Cited Allday, E. (2013). Technology, a fundamental change in child development. SFGate. Retrieved December 17, 2013, from http://www.sfgate.com/default/article/Technology-a-fundamental-change-in-child- 4958199.php Statistic Gate. ( June 8, 2013). Mobile device / cell phone statistics. Statistic Gate. Retrieved December 17, 2013, from http://www.statisticbrain.com/mobile-device-cell-phone-statistics/

Defects of Education in India

EDUCATION in its broadest, general sense is the means through which the aims and habits of a group of people lives on from one generation to the next. Education as a science cannot be separated from the educational traditions that existed before. Adults trained the young of their society in the knowledge and skills they would need to master and eventually pass on. In pre-literate societies this was achieved orally and through imitation and story-telling etc . Oral language developed into written symbols and letters. Schooling in this sense was already in place in Egypt between 3000 and 500BC The gurukula system was the ancient system of education. A gurukula is a type of school in India, residential in nature, with shishyas living in proximity to the guru, often within the same house. In a gurukul, shishyas reside together as equals, irrespective of their social standing, learn from the guru and help the guru in his day-to-day life. They did not accept fees ONLY ASMALL GURUDAKSHINA WHICH MAY NOT BE MONETARY. INDIA S ANCIENT GURUKUL SYSTEM IS WORTH EMULATING BY ALL INTERESTED IN IMPARTING EDUCATION. THE GURUKUL SYSTEMBRINGS A SENSE OF RESPECT AND COMMITMENT FROM THE TEACHERS AND THE STUDENTS Nalanda and Takshishila universities were the oldest university-system of education in the world. Indian education suffered a huge blow as Western education became ingrained into Indian society with the establishment of the British empire. the British so cleverly played their cards that even after fifty years of independence we still continue to exist in a state of stupor, unable unwilling to extricate ourselves from one of the greatest hypnoses woven over a whole nation. Indian curriculum is criticized for being based on rote learning. Our present day education system gives no chance to creativity. It is marks , grades and competition all the way . It should inculcate good values in the minds of students. Emphasis should also be given on physical and vocational training. Teaching of ethics should be incorporated in the curriculum right from kindergarden through high school. Children should be allowed to choose their own subjects acc. to their interests. They must be made to interact with each other in groups and express their views on various topics. Instead of taking notes from voluminous books , teachers etc they must be made to get information by themselves and share it with the class. This will help them to develop good analytical skills and reading habits . Children must have practical experience . They can be taken on trips to museums, labs, etc where they can learn by interacting with experienced people. Education is to gain and share knowledge. Sharing without communication is impossible. English should not be banned at the primary level as it remains the global language. Learning hindi, the national language and the state language helps in internal communication. The system of Education in India should focus on learning and not exams. Unfortunately Education has become a lucrative business destroying the real purpose of itself. The bad quality of education in govt schools have given a thrust to the the rise of commercial coaching classes all over India. Students today hardly think of being a teacher due to less perk†¦ many who are hardly passionate about engineering and medicine are studying just for the sake of getting a fat salary and package along with it. Middle class parents pay what is demanded by the coaching classes, this has alarmingly turned out to b an industry in our nation. Statistically 25% of the Indian population is illiterate, only 7% of the population that goes to school manage to graduate and 15% manage to make it to high school. 80% of schools are managed by the Govt. , private schools are expensive and out of reach for the poor Another reason for poor quality of education is the poor quality of teachers in government schools . Government schools are unable to attract good quality teachers due to inadequate teaching facilities and low salaries. To improve the quality of education , the government needs to spend more money from its coffers on education. The really critical aspect of Indian public education system is its low quality. The actual quantity of schooling that children experience and the quality of teaching they receive are extremely insufficient in government schools. A common feature in all government schools is the poor quality of education, with weak infrastructure and inadequate pedagogic attention. Conclusion School teachers SHOULD BE PAID high SALARIES and, every care is to be taken that these teachers keep on upgrading. The government should realize that these are the people who shape their future generations. All over India the syllabus must be same, because partiality occurs between students. . Frankly it would be foolhardy to believe that a syllabus consisting a bit of maths bit of science, arts and literature is a foolproof way to educate whole of India. Our present day system of education can be revamped and changes incorporated by getting a group of experienced teachers from various parts of our country. The task is best done by them and not by a bunch of politicians who do not have any training in education. Hope to see the Indian system of education reach its zenith like it did in ancient times!

Technologys Impact On Learning - 1028 Words

Technologys Impact on Learning. (2003, June). Retrieved from NSBA.org: HYPERLINK http://www.nsba.org/sbot/toolkit/tiol/html http://www.nsba.org/sbot/toolkit/tiol/html Focuses on ways that technology impacts learning and cheating; especially in realm of Internet sourcing. Anderman, E., Midgley, C. (2004). Changes in self-reported academic cheating across the transition from middle school to high school. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 29, 499-517. Peer reviewed article in which data suggests that self-reported cheating is on the rise based on students view that everyone does it. Cahn and Markie. (2008). Ethics: History, Theory, and Contemporary Issues. New York: Oxford University Press. Academic text that outlines basic premises of ethics and how they apply to contemporary life. Center for School Mental Health Analysis and Action. (2006.). Enhancing student connectedness to schools. Retrieved from HYPERLINK http://csmh.umaryland.edu/resources.html/caring%20connectedness%20brief.pdf http://csmh.umaryland.edu/resources.html/caring%20connectedness%20brief.pdf Lay persons article that focuses on ways in which students can become More connected to school environment, therefore reduction in dishonesty. Chiesl, N. (2007, Fall). Pragmatic Methods to Reduce Dishonesty in Web-Based Courses. Quarterly Review of Distance Education, 8(3), 203-211. Retrieved from http://www.EBSCOhost. Peer reviewed article explaining methods of assessment that lendShow MoreRelatedTechnologys Impact On Learning Bibliography2071 Words   |  8 PagesRunning head: BIBLIOGRAPHY 1 Technologys Impact on Learning. (2003, June). Retrieved from NSBA.org: http://www.nsba.org/sbot/toolkit/tiol/html Focuses on ways that technology impacts learning and cheating; especially in realm of Internet sourcing. 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George Paul shows that â€Å"increased demand for technology comes with increased pressure on natural resources.† Considering the great number of technology manufacturedRead MoreDependence on Tecnology1554 Words   |  7 PagesENC-1101 19 julio 2014 Word count 1515 Technology’s Takeover: Is it too Late to Unplug? â€Å"Though technology has allowed us to improve and modify traditional tasks, it has also clouded our realization of the dependency we have on it† (Sala). Ever since men’s first thoughts, technology, as a synonym for development, has been around. From the first fire pit, to the first boat design, and finally to the first electronic device, through eras, the human race has managed to discover more ways to doRead MoreImpact Of Technology On The Health Of People Across The Globe1664 Words   |  7 Pageslives, and this has had more consequences than positives. 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Pollution In Monterey Country - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2104 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/04/15 Category Ecology Essay Level High school Tags: Pollution Essay Did you like this example? Abstract The Monterey Bay, situated on Californias central coast, is home to a plethora of marine animals, tourism and leisure activities. With a global demand for production of plastics, a great quantity of the earth is thriving with pollution. Ranging from our landfills, streams, rivers, and oceans, the remnants of plastics have been found anywhere human life prevails. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Pollution In Monterey Country" essay for you Create order This debris produced by people worldwide has imploded great amounts of damage to marine life and potential human health risks. Utilizing the expertise of Kimberle Herring, Public Education, and Outreach Coordinator at the Monterey Regional Waste Management District, along with many environmentally-focused organizations, the causation behind pollution is addressed along with the destination of our waste. When examining the main factors of marine endangerment, evidence of death by consumption of plastic pellets becomes increasingly notable especially in sea animals such as birds, who ingest this waste by mistake and cause hindrances in their digestive systems (Rosevelt, Huertos, Garza, C., Nevins, H.M. (2013). Consequences that emerge from marine species consuming plastic particles include potential human health risks, marine endangerment, and ecological decay. In order to avoid further impediments to the ecosystems well-being, citizens must support laws in favor of oceanic conservation and provide public participation by cleaning beaches, refraining from plastics, and reducing their waste. Keywords: waste, pollution, plastics, marine, Monterey, health HUMAN WASTE AND POLLUTION With the exponential increase in the worlds plastic production, exposure to toxic substances has become increasingly common among seafood consumers, animals, and ecosystems, resulting in various illnesses and marine animal endangerment. Debris such as plastic microbeads and microfibers continuously plague marine life in the oceans of Monterey County and are the main cause of death in most of these marine organisms, including birds. Hindrances to marine environments are shown to have increased with the production of plastics, which in turn result in wildlife fatalities. From seafood to some effects on atmospheric air, these pollutants have been increasingly present both on ocean and land, and outnumber the amount of most marine species on the planet. Along with plastic bags and other consumer plastics, an immense amount of debris from around the globe gathers in tremendous amounts in different areas after strong ocean currents emerge. Consequently, these large patches of debris remain in place and collect new garbage that enters areas from different parts of the world. With the abundance of tourism, debris tends to wash ashore and take part in ecological damage as well as pose as potential health risks. Data gathered by coastal managers suggests necessary information that effectively concludes the origin, quantity, and their long-term impacts on the oceanic life. The conjoined efforts of many citizens, scientists, and environmentalists to impede the effects of pollution are considered rather futile as laws placed in the Monterey County do not prevent pollution from occurring at a massive rate. The inadequacy of these laws, when expected to properly cope with the increasing issue of marine pollution, is a recurring problem with solutions towards this prevalent epidemic. Despite the emergence of these laws, there remains a study rise in pollution by chemical and plastic waste in the oceans and damage to the ecologic al system. Discussion of Research The Fate of the Trash We Produce The increased rate of global dependency on disposable products has caused an abundance of trash that is discarded away from the view of most citizens. The average American generates four to five pounds of trash daily (Brain, 2008). Despite seemingly minuscule, this number contributes to a majority of the yearly global trash production of 220 million tons (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, n.d.). The United States alone generates over 30% of the planets trash pollution (Bradford, Broude, Truelove, 2018). When such an abundance of waste is produced in the fastest rate recorded in years, where does it all go? Trash is typically meant to be disposed of in landfills, resource recovery facilities or recycling centers. However, more often than not, this waste consistently finds its way into our oceans, lakes, and streams-leading to undesirable environmental consequences. Within a world dominated by the commercial production of waste, it is almost inevitable to avoid pollution. A self-administered interview with Kimberle Herring, Public Education and Outreach Coordinator at the Monterey Regional Waste Management District, demonstrated that as of 2017 and 2018, out of 175,395 tons of trash were produced, the City of Salinas landfilled 131,959 tons(Appendix A). The majority of the trash generated in the city of Salinas is situated in landfills, specifically that of the Johnson Canyon Landfill in Gonzales. The daily load of waste sent into these facilities provides an overwhelming amount of trash for management. The Johnson Canyon Landfill receives waste from places such as unincorporated areas of the Monterey County within the Salinas Valley Region (Appendix A). The conjoined waste of each region gathered around 298,757 tons of waste and 212,441 tons of this trash was sent to the landfill. With this abundance of waste, 27% of this trash is either not properly managed or directed away from the landfill (Appendix A). Despite the advantage that landfills pose by allowing a location for non-organic materials, Kimberle Herring states that they may also pose as an impending danger. Herring explains that landfills are a hotspot for methane gas (Appendix A), a gas known for its contribution to global climate change. Landfills have a potential risk of providing the environment with irreversible damaging effects, which proves that they should be a last resort for disposing of waste, as Herring (Appendix A)stated. Plastic Pellets in our Oceans and Diets The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration addresses the overwhelmingly massive island of garbage that circulates the Pacific Ocean and has been continuing to grow over the years. This gyre of human waste is composed of concentrations of plastics and its constituents gathered from across the globe. Along with bags and other consumer plastics, strong ocean currents pull the remnants of waste that were washed ashore in different parts of the world. Consequently, these large patches of debris remain in place and collect new garbage every time ocean currents flow, which in turn hinders the environments of marine mammals. When encountered with marine debris in this region, organisms may confuse these substances for food and consume them, resulting in choking, starvation, and other impairments (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2018). Factors such as tourism, recreation, and debris tend to wash ashore and take part in ecological damage as well as pose as potential health risks. Data gathered by coastal managers suggests necessary information that effectively concludes the origin, quantity, and their long-term impacts on the oceanic life. With an estimated amount of 5.25 trillion plastic particles weighing some 269,000 tons (Seltenrich, 2015) Since marine animals, such as tuna, typically consume smaller objects, they often end up digesting harmful pollutants stemming from human commercial consumption. Plastic debris emerges in marine animals when they mistakenly digest these particles instead has on human health by imposing particles of plastics, as well as any other harmful constituents, into the diets of many unsuspecting citizens. With the exponential increase in the worlds plastic production, human exposure to harmful toxic substances has become common among seafood consumers, resulting in various illnesses and marine animal endangerment. When consuming plastics, the hosts digestive system is disrupted and loss of appetite occurs, resulting in stomach illness and in some cases, death (Abraham, K., Coggin, B., Magdalena, M. (2015, September 03). Political and Social Efforts Against Pollution The preeminence of plastics on the ocean floor usually by popular products consumed by citizens on a daily basis. Debris such as plastic microbeads and microfibers continuously plague marine life in the oceans of Monterey County and are the main cause of death in these animals. In efforts to learn how to avoid common practices that lead to pollution, Sarah-Mae Nelson, Monterey Bay Aquariums conservation interpreter, displays her journey to achieve a plastic-free lifestyle. Nelson follows more conscious footsteps such as avoiding the use synthetic fibers, plastic packaging, and any disposable/single-use items (Abraham, K., Coggin, B., Magdalena, M. (2015, September 03). Along with Nelsons efforts, brand such as LUSH Cosmetics?„, Johnson Johnson, Proctor Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive, LOreal and The Body Shop have entered the realm of eco-friendly lifestyle by imposing organic ingredients as a replacement to plastic microbeads-an emerging problem in ocean pollution(Abraham, K., Co ggin, B., Magdalena, M. (2015, September 03). The changes being adopted by these prominent figures not only ensure the lives of many sea creatures but free the globe of more debris, thus diminishing degrades to the ocean environment. Avoiding hindrances in marine environments is essential for maintaining a balanced food chain cycle. Boyle dates back to the earliest laws against pollution and verifies the inadequacy of these laws when expected to properly cope with this increasing issue. Despite the emergence of laws such as the Articles of the High Seas Convention, there continued to be a study rise in pollution by chemical and plastic waste in the oceans and damage to the ecological system (Boyle, A. ,1985). Along with these conclusions, Boyle discusses the urgent need for regulatory laws which abide in solving or reducing the issue of marine pollution. Currently in Monterey County, the organization 5 Gyres, is aiding to propose a state bill that would prohibit microplastics in non-prescription, rinse-off personal care products sold in California by 2020.(Abraham, K., Coggin, B., Magdalena, M. (2015, September 03). This bill, known as AB 888, serves the purpose to reduce the effects of trash in the ocean. Personal Bias Growing up in Monterey County, I have experienced the rise of marine endangerment and pollution first-hand. Most notably, the trash situated in the shores of the Monterey Bay and surrounding areas. From plastic caps, water bottles, plastic bags, and even shoes, the amount of waste that is consistently being left behind or uncared for is incredibly massive, and there is little action being taken in order to solve this issue. Trash has demonstrated the ability to not only destroy marine environments, but also endanger species. Recently, I went on a beach clean-up with a group of students and encountered a plethora of problems. We collectively gathered around 50 pounds of trash composed of plastics, styrofoam, and other means of packaging in a 30 minute period. Shockingly, the corpses of 6 dead pelicans were spread across the beach and appeared to have no injuries but demonstrated signs of plastic consumption. The effects of human waste are causing marine animals to perish at an alarmin g rate. Implications for the Future Making sure that we are not disrupting natural ecosystems by limiting human waste pollution in the ocean is essential for maintaining a healthy environment. By eliminating the deleterious habits of citizens, a community as a whole can contribute to change. Estela Gutierrez, Resource Recovery Technician at Salinas Valley Recycles, suggests that every citizen should refrain from using materials that are unnecessary, reduce the amount of waste that is produced, reuse items as much as possible, recycle products, and rot food products to impede waste from going in the ocean (Appendix A). Sarah-Mae Nelson, who is an influential figure in Monterey County, serves as an example for people to heed in order to support the preservation of marine life. Nelsons eco-friendly lifestyle restricts the use of plastics and single-use items. Supporting brands that limit their packaging and sponsor ocean conservation organizations, such as LUSH Cosmetics, can lead to significant contributions in building a foundation of future businesses of this type. Along with making sure that waste is managed properly, citizens should be actively involved in the passings or propositions of new laws/regulations that ameliorate litter pollution. Reflection When exploring the quantity, origin, and production of waste, finding data on these topics was relatively simple. Finding research on the abundance of litter produced by cities in this region provided was a great way to dictate the whereabouts of most waste. There were numerous amounts of published facts and figure of marine pollution published by renowned organizations such as the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Deciding on what information to acquire was not difficult as I had prior knowledge of the effects and causes of pollution from living in Monterey County. Nonetheless, despite an abundance of accessible research, most of the data was redundant, as there were multiple repetitions of facts and discussion points. Local accounts of marine pollution we also easily acquired as the Monterey Community thrives with efforts for environmental well-being. I should have included more examples of the solutions and problems with pollution at a global scale, rather than solely focus on California and the Monterey County. This would have established a connection between the efforts of each community to solve this issue and the progress being made in each region.